The association among the consumption of ultra-processed food and body image, nutritional status and physical activity of pregnant women at the primary health care / Associação entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e imagem corporal, estado nutricional e atividade física de gestantes na Atenção Primária à Saúde

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the consumption of ultra-processed food and its association with body image, physical activity, nutritional status and self-assessment on food of pregnant women enrolled in the Primary Health Care. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study carried out with pregnant women enrolled in the Family Health Strategy in the city of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Data were collected through a questionnaire. The dependent variable was the consumption of ultra-processed food, and the independent ones addressed body appearance, physical activity, nutritional status, self-assessment on food and food consumption. Descriptive analysis was carried out and for association of analysis, the linear regression model was used with crude and adjusted associations. Results: 1,185 pregnant women participated in the study. Caloric intake from ultra-processed food represented 32.0% of these women's daily diet. There was an association between consumption of ultra-processed food and physical activity (β=-0.08; p<0.01), pre-gestional nutritional status (β=-0,12; p<0.01) and body image (β =0.08; p=0.01). Conclusion: the pregnant women presented high consumption of ultra-processed food. Having a negative body image, the lowest level of physical activity, and high pre-gestational nutritional status are conditions that influenced the consumption of these food.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e sua associação com imagem corporal, atividade física, estado nutricional e autoavaliação alimentar de gestantes cadastradas na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com gestantes cadastradas na Estratégia Saúde da Família do município de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário. A variável dependente foi consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, e as independentes abordaram aspecto corporal, atividade física, estado nutricional, autoavaliação alimentar e consumo alimentar. Realizou-se análise descritiva e para análise de associação, utilizou-se o modelo de regressão linear com associações brutas e ajustadas. Resultados: participaram do estudo 1.185 gestantes. O consumo calórico proveniente dos ultraprocessados representou 32,0% da dieta diária dessas mulheres. Verificou-se associação entre consumo de ultraprocessados com atividade física (β=-0,08; p<0,01), estado nutricional pré-gestacional (β=-0,12; p<0,01) e imagem corporal (β=0,08; p=0,01). Conclusão: as gestantes apresentaram alto consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados. Ter imagem corporal negativa, menor nível de atividade física, estado nutricional pré-gestacional elevado são condições que influenciaram o consumo desses alimentos.

Examining the relationship between fast-food and sitdown restaurant consumption frequency and dietary patterns among adults in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia

@#Introduction: This study assessed the association between dietary patterns and the frequency of eating at fast-food or sit-down restaurants. Methods: A crosssectional study, with a sample of adults living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (SA), was conducted between January and March 2021. An online, self-administered survey was conducted using social media and WhatsApp. A total of 399 adults living in Riyadh were included; 40.4% were males, with a mean age of 35 and standard deviation (SD) of 12 years, and had no significant health problems. Results: Using principal component analysis to analyse 15 food groups based on the food items consumed, four dietary patterns were extracted: Western, unhealthy, plant-based, and healthy. After adjusting for potential covariates, a higher frequency of eating at fast-food restaurants was significantly associated with unhealthy dietary patterns [odds ratio (OR) = 4.85, 95.0% confidence interval (CI) = 1.80, 12.59]. In contrast, participants in the highest tercile of the frequency of eating at fast-food restaurants showed lower odds of adhering to a healthy dietary pattern (OR = 0.29, 95.0% CI = 0.11, 0.71). No significant association was found between participants in the highest tercile of the frequency of eating at sit-down restaurants and their dietary patterns. Conclusion: Frequently eating at fast-food restaurants was associated with increased odds of adherence to less healthy dietary patterns and negatively associated with adherence to a healthy pattern. No association was found between sit-down restaurants and any of the identified dietary patterns. The present findings can assist stakeholders and policymakers in developing strategic plans and policies for targeted interventions for this population.

Calidad microbiológica, satisfacción laboral y de clientes en una empresa fast food, Arequipa / Microbiological quality, job and customer satisfaction in a fast food company, Arequipa

"Fast food" es un fenómeno económico que crece con ritmo acelerado en el mercado peruano, estos deben contar con alimentos seguros de ingesta y personal satisfecho que dé cumplimiento a las normativas higiénicas. Como objetivo, se propuso determinar la calidad microbiológica y satisfacción laboral en una empresa fast food, Arequipa, 2022, cuya muestra fue de 384 trabajadores distribuidos en 11 franquicia. Para la recolección de datos se realizaron tres actividades, 1) la aplicación de un cuestionario de 21 ítems la percepción de los trabajadores sobre las buenas prácticas y el cuidado de los alimentos, 3) la valoración microbiológica de las materias primas que ingresan a la empresa y 3) la valoración de la percepción de los trabajadores de la calidad y la satisfacción laboral. El análisis de datos se hizo mediante estadística descriptiva a través del paquete estadístico SPSS con aplicación de Kolmogorov-Smirnov y Rho de Spearman para la correlacion entre la calidad y la satisfacción laboral. Como resultado, 81,51% en el aseo personal, 79,69% aseo diario, 78,91% prohibición de hábitos nocivos, 77,34% uso del uniforme y EPP y 50,78% limpieza de las manos, catalogándose como "muy buenas", el análisis microbiológico se encontró 35 UFC/ml de coliformes fecales y 31 UFC/ml de coliformes totales con 4 UFC/ml exarcebado en el agua. La satisfacción laboral fue "bueno" en la totalidad de las variables, las pruebas de normalidad fueron menor a <0,05, con un Rho de Spearman de 0,611, aceptándose la hipótesis alterna y rechazando la nula(AU)

"Fast food" is an economic phenomenon that is growing rapidly in the Peruvian market, these must have safe food to eat and satisfied staff that comply with hygienic regulations. As an objective, it was proposed to determine the microbiological quality and job satisfaction in a fast food company, Arequipa, 2022, whose sample was 384 workers distributed in 11 franchises. For the data collection, three activities were carried out, 1) the application of a 21-item questionnaire, the perception of workers about good practices and food care, 3) the microbiological evaluation of the raw materials that enter the company. and 3) the assessment of workers' perception of quality and job satisfaction. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics through the SPSS statistical package with the application of Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Spearman's Rho for the correlation between quality and job satisfaction. As a result, 81.51% in personal hygiene, 79.69% daily hygiene, 78.91% prohibition of harmful habits, 77.34% use of uniform and PPE and 50.78% hand cleaning, being classified as " very good", the microbiological analysis found 35 CFU/ml of fecal coliforms and 31 CFU/ml of total coliforms with 4 CFU/ml exacerbated in the water. Job satisfaction was "good" in all the variables, the normality tests were less than <0.05, with a Spearman's Rho of 0.611, accepting the alternate hypothesis and rejecting the null(AU)

Consumption of ultraprocessed foods and screen exposure of preschoolers living in a region of high social vulnerability in São Paulo, Brazil / Consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e exposição a telas de pré-escolares residentes em região de alta vulnerabilidade social em São Paulo, Brasil

INTRODUCTION: There is a worldwide increase in the consumption of ultra-processed foods, including among preschoolers. The screen exposure time demands attention to the consequences of this habit. Studies on the consumption of ultra-processed and the screen exposure time are scarce in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the frequency of consumption of soft drinks, industrialized juice, sweets, and fast foods and the screen exposure time of preschoolers. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 218 children (mean age 2.5±0.9 years), attending a Non-Governmental Organization, in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected using a semi-structured form filled out by the person responsible for the preschoolers. Social and environmental data, food frequency consumption, and exposure to screens were systematized to perform statistical analyses. RESULTS: More than 30.0% of children consume sugar-sweetened beverages more than once a week, 35.8% consume sweets daily and 42.7% consume fast foods monthly. Half of the preschoolers are exposed to distractions at mealtime and 70.0% have a contact for more than an hour/day. Screen exposure time was significantly related (p<0.0001) to children's age, consumption of soft drinks, and frozen foods. CONCLUSION: Among preschoolers, there is a high exposure to ultra-processed foods and screens, the latter associated with the consumption of soft drinks and frozen foods. This information reinforces the need for careful look and actions directed at families with preschoolers and residents of socially vulnerable regions.

INTRODUÇÃO: Há, a nível mundial, um aumento no consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, inclusive entre crianças pré-escolares. O tempo de exposição a telas demanda atenção quanto às consequências desse hábito. Estudos sobre o consumo de ultraprocessados e o tempo de exposição a telas são escassos na literatura. OBJETIVO: Analisar a frequência de consumo de refrigerantes, suco industrializado, doces e alimentos fast food e o tempo de exposição a telas de pré-escolares. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, com 218 crianças (idade média 2,5±0,9 anos), frequentadoras de uma Organização Não Governamental, no município de São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados através de um formulário semiestruturado preenchido pelos responsáveis dos pré-escolares. Dados socioambientais, de frequência alimentar e de exposição a telas foram sistematizados para a realização das análises estatísticas. RESULTADOS: Mais de 30,0% das crianças consomem bebidas açucaradas mais de uma vez por semana, 35,8% consomem doces diariamente e 42,7% alimentos fast food com frequência mensal. Metade dos pré-escolares é exposto a distrações no momento das refeições e 70,0% tem contato por mais de uma hora/dia. O tempo de exposição a telas teve relação significativa (p<0,0001) com a idade das crianças e o consumo de refrigerantes e de alimentos congelados. CONCLUSÃO: Há entre os pré-escolares alta exposição à alimentos ultraprocessados e a telas, esse último associado com o consumo de refrigerantes e congelados. Essa informação reforça a necessidade de um olhar cuidadoso e ações direcionadas a famílias com pré-escolares e residentes de regiões vulneráveis socialmente.

The Escalating Health Threats from Ultra-processed and High Fat, Salt, and Sugar Foods: Urgent Need for Tailoring Policy

With its colonial past, and a glaring problem of poverty and hunger, India oft fails to acknowledge a new, rapidly growing problem of overnutrition. With the economic boost and entry of various foreign players from the food industry, Indian citizens have been increasingly exposed to ultra-processed, high in sugar, salt and fat foods (HFSS foods). The last decade or so has seen an exponential rise in the consumption of such foods, leading to increasing prevalence of overweight- and obesity-related illnesses like diabetes, hypertension, etc. In this scenario, examining the efficacy of policy-related measures in reducing consumption of these harmful foods and preventing the associated health issues is paramount. Across the globe, several countries have explored options from taxation on HFSS foods to restricting marketing to children, as well as different practices for front of the pack labeling. In the context of India and its increasing burden of preventable, diet-related illnesses, the urgent need of instituting these preventive policies at national scale cannot be neglected.

Non-alcoholic beverage and fast-food consumption, among first- and fourth-year nursing students in Madrid

Sugar-sweetened beverages and fast-food consumption have been associated with non-communicable diseases. Objective. Was to analyze consumption of non-alcoholic beverage and fast-food consumption among first- and fourth-year nursing students. Materials and methods. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among first-and fourth-year nursing students in Madrid, Spain. Anthropometric data (weight and height) and demographic data were collected, as were data on consumption of specific foods and beverages. Results. The survey was completed by 436 students. Mean (SD) age was 22.0 (6.8) years, 84.1 % of were women.26.2 % of the students were underweight; 6.3 % were overweight. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and diet drinks was moderate. Slightly more than three-quarters of the students (75.5 %) purchased fast food in the previous month. Burger bars were the most frequently visited fast-food outlet (77.2 %). A direct relationship was observed between BMI and fast-food consumption (rho = 0.099; p = 0.042) and between BMI and consumption of diet cola or carbonated drinks (rho = 0.120; p = 0.013). Conclusion. We provide new epidemiological data from a specific university population that could be useful to promote more studies that help design appropriate strategies to increase a healthy lifestyle(AU)

Las bebidas azucaradas y el consumo de comida rápida se han asociado con enfermedades no transmisibles. Objetivo. Analizar el consumo de bebidas no alcohólicas y el consumo de comida rápida entre estudiantes universitarios de primer y cuarto curso de enfermería. Materiales y métodos. Cuestionario validado entre estudiantes de enfermería de primer y cuarto año en Madrid, España. Se recopilaron datos antropométricos (peso y altura) y demográficos, así como datos sobre consumo de alimentos y bebidas específicos. Resultados. La encuesta fue completada por 436 estudiantes. La edad media (DE) fue de 22,0 (6,8) años, el 84,1 % eran mujeres; el 26,2 % de los estudiantes tenían bajo peso y el 6,3% mostraban sobrepeso. El consumo de bebidas azucaradas y bebidas dietéticas fue moderado. Más de tres cuartas partes de estudiantes (75,5%) compraron comida rápida en el mes anterior. Las hamburgueserías fueron el restaurante de comida rápida más visitado (77,2%). Se observó una relación directa entre el IMC y el consumo de comida rápida (rho = 0,099; p = 0,042) y entre el IMC y el consumo de refrescos dietéticos o bebidas gaseosas (rho = 0,120; p = 0,013). Conclusión. Aportamos nuevos datos epidemiológicos de una población universitaria concreta, que podrían ser de utilidad para promover más estudios que ayuden a diseñar estrategias adecuadas para incrementar un estilo de vida saludable(AU)

Corporate Social Responsibility in the restaurant and fast food industry: a study of communication on healthy eating through social networks / Responsabilidade Social Corporativa no setor de restaurantes e fast food: um estudo da comunicação sobre alimentação saudável por meio de redes sociais / Responsabilidad Social Corporativa en el sector restauración y fast food: estudio de la comunicación sobre alimentación saludable en redes sociales

The communication of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of a sample of eight restaurant and fast food companies is analyzed. An exploratory and descriptive method, based on the content analysis technique, is used to analyze the formal and informal CSR communication channels used to promote healthy eating on their respective websites and Twitter profiles. This study is complemented by a survey (n = 383) applied to a sample of young Spaniards to investigate their interest in healthy eating information, their assessment of CSR actions carried out in this area as well as the communication channels used for this purpose. The results confirm that the CSR policies of the companies include actions aimed at guaranteeing and promoting healthy eating. It is concluded about the convenience of using their own social networks and influencers to encourage healthy eating habits more effectively in their publics. (AU)

É analisada a comunicação de Responsabilidade Social Corporativa (RSC) de uma amostra de oito empresas de restaurantes e fast food. Um método exploratório e descritivo, baseado na técnica de análise de conteúdo é usado para analisar os canais de comunicação formais e informais de RSC usados para promover uma alimentação saudável nos seus respectivos sites e perfis no Twitter. Este estudo é complementado por uma pesquisa para descobrir o interesse na alimentação dos jovens espanhóis (n = 383), sua avaliação da RSC nessa área e os canais de informação usados para esse fim. Os resultados verificam a integração em suas políticas de RSE de ações relacionadas à promoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis. Conclui-se sobre a conveniência de utilizar redes sociais próprias e influenciadores para estimular esse tipo de hábitos, dentro de suas políticas de RSE de maneira mais eficaz. (AU)

Se analiza la comunicación de la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) de una muestra de ocho empresas de restauración y fast food. Se sigue una metodología exploratoria y descriptiva para analizar mediante un análisis de contenido la comunicación formal e informal de RSC respecto de la promoción de una alimentación saludable en sus respectivas webs y perfiles en Twitter. Este estudio se complementa con una encuesta (n = 383) sobre el interés por la alimentación de los jóvenes españoles, su valoración de la RSC en este ámbito y los canales de información utilizados al respecto. Los resultados verifican la integración en sus políticas de RSC de acciones relativas a la promoción de hábitos alimenticios saludables. Se concluye acerca de la conveniencia de uso de sus propias redes sociales y de influencers, para incentivar este tipo de hábitos, dentro de sus políticas de RSC. (AU)

Associations of eating behaviours, fast food purchasing and availability with BMI-for-age z-score among adolescents in Labuan, Malaysia

@#Introduction: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the associations of socio-demographic factors, eating behaviours, fast food purchasing by parents for family meals, and availability of neighbourhood fast-food outlets with BMI-for-age z-score (BAZ) among adolescents. Methods: Through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method, a total of 420 adolescents from five selected public secondary schools participated in the current study. Data on socio-demographic factors, eating behaviours, and parent’s purchases of fast food were obtained through selfadministered questionnaires. The availability of fast-food outlets was assessed using Geographic Information System (GIS). Body weight and height of the adolescents were measured. Results: The prevalence of overweight, obesity, thinness and severe thinness among adolescents in the present study were 17.6%, 15.5%, 3.1% and 0.7%, respectively. The current findings showed that a higher monthly household income (rs =0.12, p=0.02) and less purchases of fast food by parents for family meals (rs =-0.11, p=0.03) were significantly associated with higher BAZ of the adolescents. However, there were no significant associations between eating outside of home, eating at fast-food restaurants, buying delivery fast food, and availability of neighbourhood fast-food outlets with BAZ. Multiple linear regression showed that less purchases of fast food by parents for family meals significantly contributed towards higher BAZ (β=−0.25, p=0.02). Conclusion: A higher household income and less fast food purchasing by parents were associated with higher BAZ. Fast food purchasing of adolescents were not associated with BAZ. Therefore, an appropriate obesity intervention programme should focus on adolescents and their parents from middle- and high-income households in Labuan.

Nutritional Knowledge and Skills of Fast-food Takeout Practitioners in Chengdu City / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the current status of nutritional knowledge and skills of fast-food takeout practitioners in Chengdu City,so as to provide evidence for nutritional literacy education among takeout practitioners.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 832 employees of fast-food takeout restaurants in Chengdu from April to September in 2019 through a multi-stage random sampling strategy.Results The awareness rate of nutritional knowledge of fast-food takeout practitioners in Chengdu was 77.28%,and the correct rates of answers to daily oil intake for adults,daily drinking water for adults and daily salt intake for adults in the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents were respectively 17.43%,22.60% and 25.36%.In addition,the proportion of practitioners with the ability to estimate the recommended intake of food for a meal,the ability to estimate condiments intake and the ability to interpret nutrition labels were 8.77%,8.77% and 15.02%,respectively.The awareness rate of nutritional knowledge was the lowest(71.47%)in the practitioners aged≤25 and the highest(84.53%)in those aged 26-39,and the difference was statistically significant(χ

Estado nutricional, actividad física y consumo de comida chatarra asociados a colelitiasis en huánuco: estudio de casos y controles / Nutritional status, physical activity and consumption of junk food were associating to colelitiasis in huánuco: a case-control study

Resumen Objetivos: Determinar la asociación entre el consumo de comida chatarra, actividad física y estado nutricional en pacientes con colelitiasis a la ecografía (casos), comparados con controles aparentemente sanos sin colelitiasis a la ecografía, en consulta externa del Hospital EsSalud II Huánuco. Materiales y Método: Estudio de casos y controles. Se incluyeron 107 casos y 107 controles. El consumo de comida "chatarra" se valoró con la encuesta validada por RSEQ (Red deportiva estudiantil de Québec), la frecuencia del consumo (días por semana); la actividad física por el cuestionario IPAQ (Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física) y el estado nutricional mediante el índice de masa corporal. En el análisis estadístico se empleó el χ2, U de Mann Whitney y Odds Ratio (p < 0,05). Resultados: La edad y la procedencia no fueron significativos. El consumo de comida "chatarra" estuvo asociado a la colecistitis (OR 10,30; IC 95% 5,48-19,37). La actividad física moderada-vigorosa (≥ 600 MET) promovió el diagnóstico de colecistitis (OR 8,38; IC 95% 4,54-15,48) y el estado nutricional (sobrepeso o mayor), en forma significativa, promovía la colecistitis (OR 11,38; IC 95% 6,01-21,55). Ser femenino estuvo asociado al desarrollo de colecistitis (OR 2,06; IC 95% 1,19-3,55). Conclusión: El consumo de comida "chatarra", la actividad física moderada-vigorosa (≥ 600 MET), el estado nutricional (sobrepeso o mayor) y el género (femenino) fueron asociados al desarrollo de colelitiasis diagnosticados mediante ecografía.

Aim: To determine the association between junk food consumption, physical activity and nutritional status in patients with cholelithiasis on ultrasound (cases), compared with apparently healthy controls without cholelithiasis on ultrasound, in an outpatient EsSalud II Hospital, Huánuco Hospital, 2017. Materials and Method: Case-control study. 107 cases and 107 controls were included. The consumption of junk food was assessed with the survey validated by RSEQ (Québec Student Sports Network), the frequency of consumption (days per week); Physical activity through the IPAQ questionnaire (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and nutritional status through the Body Mass Index. The chi-square, Mann Whitney U and Odds Ratio (p < 0.05) were used in the statistical analysis. Results: Gender, age and origin were not significant. None or low consumption of "junk" food were associated with cholecystitis (OR 0.097; 95% CI 0.052-0.182). Low physical activity (< 600 MET) did not promote the diagnosis of cholecystitis (OR 0.119; 95% CI 0.064-0.22) and the nutritional status (normal weight), significantly, did not promote cholecystitis (OR 0.09; 95% CI 0.05-0.167). Being male was associated with the non-development of cholecystitis (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.281-0.838). Conclusión: Low or no consumption of "junk" food, low physical activity (< 600 MET), nutritional status (normal) and gender (male) were associated for the non-development of cholelithiasis diagnosed by ultrasound.

Relationships between Recognition of Characters, Logos and Brands of Tobacco Products, Fast-Food, Soft Drinks and Alcoholic Drinks in Children / Relações entre o Reconhecimento de Personagens, Logos e Marcas de Produtos de Tabaco, Fast-Food, Refrigerantes e Bebidas Alcoólicas em Crianças / Relaciones entre el Reconocimiento de Personajes, Logos y Marcas de Productos de Tabaco, Fast-Food, Refrescos y Bebidas Alcohólicas en Niños

This research aimed to investigate relationships between the recognition of children's characters, and the association of logos and brands of tobacco products, fast-food, soft drinks and alcoholic beverages in 90 children, aged 4-9 years, from the city of Rio de Janeiro, most of whom are male (56.7%). Age range was chosen based on McNeal's model of consumer behavior which says the consumer is fully formed by the age of 8. The Instrument for assessing Cartoon and Movie Characters (IACMC, α = 0.80, M=0.75, SD=0.16), the Instrument for assessing Cartoon and Movie Logos (IACML α =0.80, M=0.58, SD=0.21) and the Instrument for Assessing Logos and Trademarks Association (IALTA, α=0.74, M=0.53, SD = 0.14) were used. The global scores for recognition of logos correlated significantly with the global scores for recognition of children's characters (r = 0.38, p< 0.01). The model path was drawn from characters to logos and from logos to fast food associations. A direct effect was drawn from fast food over soda and alcohol. Fit was X² (df = 736) = 782.97 (p = 0.112), RMSEA = 0.03 (90% C.I. [0.00, 0.04]) (p = 0.996), CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.94. The research demonstrated the need for stricter regulations for the advertising of alcoholic beverages, soft drinks and fast-food. (AU)

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar relações entre o reconhecimento de personagens infantis e a associação de logos e marcas de produtos de tabaco, fast-food, refrigerantes e bebidas alcoólicas em 90 crianças, entre 4-9 anos, da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino (56,7%). A escolha da faixa etária se baseou no modelo de comportamento consumidor proposto por McNeal, o qual diz que o consumidor se encontra plenamente formado aos 8 anos de idade. Utilizou-se o Instrumento de Avaliação de Personagens de Desenho Animado e Filme (IACMC, α = 0.80, M=0.75, DP= 0.16), o Instrumento de Avaliação de Logos de Desenho Animado e Filme (IACML α = 0.80, M = 0.88, DP = 0.21) e o Instrumento de Avaliação da Associação de Logos e Marcas (IALTA, α = 0.74, M = 0.53, DP = 0.14). As pontuações globais para reconhecimento de logos correlacionaram-se significativamente com as pontuações globais para reconhecimento de personagens infantis (r = 0.38, p<0.01). O modelo foi desenhado a partir de personagens para logotipos e destes para associações de fast-food. Um efeito direto foi extraído de fast-food com refrigerante e álcool. O ajuste foi X² (df = 736) = 782.97 (p = 0.112), RMSEA = 0.03 (90% de CC [0.00, 0.04]) (p = 0.996), CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.94. A pesquisa demonstrou a necessidade de regulamentação mais rígida para a publicidade de bebidas alcoólicas, refrigerantes e fast-food. (AU)

Este estudio investigó las relaciones entre el reconocimiento de personajes infantiles y la asociación de logos y marcas de productos de tabaco, fast-food, refrescos y bebidas alcohólicas en 90 niños, de entre 4 y 9 años, de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, la mayoría de los cuales son hombres (56,7%). El rango de edad se eligió según el modelo de comportamiento del consumidor de McNeal que dice que el consumidor está completamente formado a la edad de 8 años. Se utilizó el Instrumento de Evaluación de Personajes de Dibujo Animado y Película (IACMC, α = 0.80, M = 0.75, DE = 0.16), el Instrumento de Evaluación de Logos de Dibujo Animado y Película (IACML α = 0.80, M= 0.88, DE = 0.21) y el Instrumento de Evaluación de la Asociación de Logos y Marcas (IALTA, α = 0.74, M = 0.53, DE = 0.14). Las puntuaciones globales para el reconocimiento de logos se correlacionaron significativamente con el reconocimiento de personajes infantiles (r = 0.38, p<0.01). El modelo fue diseñado a partir de personajes para logotipos y de éstos para fast-food. Un efecto directo fue extraído de fast-food con refrigerante y alcohol. El ajuste fue X² (df = 736) = 782.97 (p = 0.112), RMSEA =0.03 (90% de CC [0.00, 0.04]) (p = 0.996), CFI =0.95, TLI = 0.94. La investigación demostró la necesidad de reglamentación más rígida para la publicidad de bebidas alcohólicas, refrescos y fast-food. (AU)

Relación entre consumo de alimentos procesados, ultraprocesados y riesgo de cáncer: una revisión sistemática / Relationship between consumption of processed, ultra-processed foods and cancer risk: a systematic review

RESUMEN La alimentación es un factor de riesgo modificable para el desarrollo de cáncer. El consumo de alimentos procesados y ultraprocesados se ha asociado a mayor riesgo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. El objetivo de esta revisión es evaluar sistemáticamente la evidencia publicada sobre la relación entre el consumo de alimentos procesados y ultraprocesados con el desarrollo de distintos tipos de cáncer. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en la base de datos de Pubmed en los últimos 10 años. Se incluyeron estudios de cohorte, caso control o transversales que evaluaran riesgo de cáncer, no recidiva, en adultos y midieron la alimentación a través de encuestas o patrones dietarios. Dos autores revisaron de forma independiente títulos y resúmenes para seleccionar los artículos, posteriormente ambos realizaron una revisión de texto completo, extrajeron los datos y analizaron la calidad metodológica de los estudios incluidos. Los resultados contemplan las conclusiones de 18 estudios, cuatro estudios de cohorte, 13 caso-control y uno transversal. Catorce de los estudios incluidos asocian positivamente la ingesta de alimentos procesados y ultraprocesados con el desarrollo de algunos tipos de cáncer.

ABSTRACT Diet is a modifiable risk factor for the development of cancer. Consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods has been associated with an increased risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. The objective of this review is to systematically evaluate the published evidence on the relationship between the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods with the development of different types of cancer. A systematic review of the Pubmed database was carried out for articles published in the last 10 years. Cohort, case-control or cross-sectional studies that evaluated cancer risk in adults, no cancer recurrence, and studies that evaluated diet through surveys or dietary patterns were included. Two authors independently reviewed titles and abstracts to select articles, and subsequently carried out a text review. Data was extracted and the methodological quality was analyzed of the included studies. The results contemplate the conclusions of 18 studies, four cohort studies, 13 case-control and one cross-sectional. Fourteen of the included studies showed a positive association between the intake of processed and ultra-processed foods and the development of cancer.

Fast food consumption pattern amongst undergraduates of various disciplines of private colleges in Pune

Background: The consumption of various types of fast food is increasingly germinating in all components of the world, each in developed and developing countries.Methods: A cross sectional study was done to explore the perception and knowledge regarding fast food consumption from March 2019 to June 2019 amongst the 300 undergraduate students within the ages of 18 to 20 of three established private colleges of different disciplines in Pune. Paperless data was collected by a predesigned, pretested questionnaire with the help of google forms and statistical analysis was done.Results: The prevalence of consumption of fast food was found to be maximum in the undergraduates belonging to the high-income group (socio-economic class I). Around 85% of the undergraduates consumed fast foods and out of 85% nearly 17% consumed once a day. The undergraduates from all disciplines were also perceived as fast food consumption is measure of one’s socio-economic status, 76% for medical and the lowest for engineering undergraduates (55%). A significant difference between medical, engineering and architecture undergraduates was reported regarding the perception that fast food consumption has no harmful effect on body (40, 26 and 57, p<0.001). About 37% of the students had very poor knowledge, 40% of the students had poor knowledge,13% had average and only 10% had good knowledge regarding fast food consumption leading to non-communicable diseases.Conclusions: The consequences of this study propose that a requirement for health education programs that stimulate healthy eating habits and lifestyle for undergraduate college students.

Eat Fast, Die Young: The Pattern of Fast Food Consumption amongst International Medical Students

Objective:To investigate the factors influencing fast-food consumption amongst the International Medical Students of USM-KLE.Hypothesis:Fast food consumption is deleterious to the overall health of a person, and thus we expect low fast food consumption amongstmedical students of USM-KLE. Nevertheless, due to the lack of awareness and poor understanding of the ill effects of fast food consumption, the pattern of fast food consumption is increasing among the medical students of USM-KLE. Materials andMethods:A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in the month of June 2018 by distributing questionnaires to 326 Malaysian students –from year 1 to year 5 –who are studying in Belgaum, India. The questions touched on the aspects of their profile, driving factors offast food consumption, routine exercise pattern, and their knowledge on the deleterious effects of fast food on their health. Data wascollected for their experiencebothin Malaysia & India, & these werethen analysed using SPSS 16.0 software.Results:In this study, theresults werecoded & translated according to each question. It is observed that there isahigh prevalence of fast food consumption amongst the students; 97% of the students consume fast food. Conclusion:The results of this study showed thatdespite their knowledge on the poor health effects of these foods.the students prefer to consume fast food mostly on the basis of their hectic schedule, the restaurants’ close distance, the good taste of the meals, as well as their fast availability

Epidemiological study of obesity and overweight among adolescents in schools in district Ghaziabad

Background: Developing countries are experiencing an epidemic of obesity and overweight. Adolescence is the stage when the lifestyle behavior sets in and decides the future pattern of health. The objective was to study the prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity among school going adolescents of district Ghaziabad.Methods: A school based cross sectional survey was conducted in district Ghaziabad. Adolescents (10-19 years) from both urban and rural government and private schools were included. Multistage sampling technique was used to study 1128 study population. Anthropometry and a structured questionnaire were used as study tool.Results: In urban area, the proportion of underweight students in government schools (20.9%) was significantly more than the private school (13.8%) whereas the number of overweight students in private school (18.2%) was significantly more than the government schools (10.3%). In rural area underweight students in government school (30.5%) was significantly more than the private school (21.3%) whereas the number of overweight students in private school (11.3%) was significantly more than the government school (3.2%). Obesity was significantly associated with the area of residence, type of school, consumption of carbonated drinks, fast foods and decreased physical activity.Conclusions: An overall higher prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents in urban areas and increasing trend in rural areas too alarm us to focus on the modifiable risk factors

Assessment of body mass index and prevalence of obesity among undergraduate medical students: an observational study in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Madhya Pradesh

Background: Obesity is the major cause of various non-communicable diseases including diabetes mellitus, hypertension. The modifiable factors like stress, sedentary life, consumption of soft drinks and fast foods and lack of physical activity are responsible for it. Objective: to find dietary pattern, physical activity and status of overweight and obesity among medical students.Methods: It was a cross sectional observational study conducted on MBBS undergraduates studying in a g medical college at Sagar district of Madhya Pradesh, India. Out of nearly 500 medical students studying in different semesters, 300 students were participated in the study though the required sample size was 184 only. Structured questionnaire for interview, calibrated portable weight scale for weight measurement and stadiometer for height measurement were used.Results: The students were categorised into underweight, normal and overweight/obese on the basis of their calculated BMI (body mass index) value as per norms of World health organization for south Asian populations. 26.7% medical students were found to be overweight or obese based on BMI cut off value 23.00 kg/m2. There was lack of inclusion of fresh fruits and green vegetables in regular diet in 50% and nearly 95% of medical students respectively. The low level of physical activity was found in more than 85% of the medical students.Conclusions: The involvement of medical students in physical and sports activities is dire need for their good health.

Calidad microbiológica de ensaladas crudas que se expenden en puestos ambulantes de comida rápida de la ciudad de Maracaibo-Venezuela / Microbiological quality of raw salads that are sold at roadside food stalls quick Maracaibo-Venezuela

Las ensaladas crudas juegan un papel importante en las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos, sobre todo si durante su procesamiento no se cumplen con las condiciones higiénicas necesarias para impedir su contaminación. El objetivo es determinar la calidad microbiológica de ensaladas crudas que se expenden en puestos ambulantes de comida rápida de Maracaibo, Venezuela. 15 establecimientos fueron estudiados mediante el doble muestreo con intervalo de un mes. Para el estudio microbiológico, las muestras fueron preparadas según la Comisión Venezolana de Normas Industriales (COVENIN N°1126-89). Del homogenizado, se determinó el contaje Aerobios Mesόfilos, Salmonella, Coliformes Totales, Fecales y Escherichia coli. En relación a Aerobios Mesofilos, de las 30 muestras, 2 (6,67%) mostraron contajes de 225.000 UFC/g; y 28 (93, 33%) con recuentos incontables. Para Coliformes Totales, 28 (93.3%) mostraron contajes que oscilaron entre 350 x 107 hasta 730 x 107 y en 2 (6.6%) el contaje promedio fue 197 UFC/g. En el 93,3% (28) de las muestras se observó recuentos elevados para Escherichia coli, y en 2 (6,6%) fue menor a 1 UFC/g. Salmonella se detectó en 4 (13,3%) muestras. Las ensaladas estudiadas no son aptas para el consumo humano, por no cumplir con los requerimientos mínimos de inocuidad, según las normativas establecidas.

Raw salads play an important role in foodborne, especially during processing is not necessary meet to prevent its contamination hygienic conditions. The objective is to determine the microbiological quality of raw salads that are sold in fast food stalls Maracaibo, Venezuela. 15 establishments were studied by double sampling interval of one month. For microbiological study, samples were prepared according to the Venezuelan Industrial Standards Commission (COVENIN No. 1126-1189). Homogenate, counting mesophilic aerobics, Salmonella, Total and Fecal Coliforms and Escherichia coli by the method most probable number and rehydratable plate with dry films was determined. Regarding mesophilic aerobics, of the 30 samples, 2 (6.67%) showed counts of 225,000 CFU/g; and 28 (93, 33%) had countless counts. For Total Coliforms, 28 (93.3%) showed counts ranging from 350 to 730 x107 x 107 and 2 (6.6%) the average count was 197 CFU/g. Escherichia coli in 93.3% (28) of the samples was observed high counts, and in 2 (6.6%) counting was less than 1 CFU/g. Salmonella was detected in 4 (13.3%) samples. The salads studied are unfit for human consumption, not to meet the minimum safety requirements, according to established regulations.

Factores asociados con dispepsia funcional en trabajadores de establecimientos de comida rápida en un centro comercial de Huancayo, Perú / Factors associated with functional dyspepsia among fast food workers at a shopping center in Huancayo, Peru

Resumen Introducción: La dispepsia funcional (DF) comprende trastornos crónicos y recurrentes del tracto digestivo superior y no tiene origen orgánico. Objetivos: Determinar los factores asociados con DF en trabajadores de establecimientos de comida rápida en un centro comercial de Huancayo, Perú. Metodología: Estudio transversal analítico, se encuestó a 128 trabajadores de establecimientos de comida rápida en una ciudad de la serranía peruana. Se usó la prueba "A new questionnaire for the diagnosis of dyspepsia" para el diagnóstico de DF, esto se cruzó con variables sociales, de consumo y de hábitos alimenticios; se obtuvieron estadísticas de asociación. Resultados: El 40 % tuvo DF. Estuvo asociado con una menor frecuencia de DF el sexo femenino (razones de prevalencias ajustadas [RPa]: 0,64; intervalo de confianza [IC] 95 %: 0,41-0,99; valor p = 0,044); en cambio, los que tenían dificultad para conciliar el sueño o padecían de despertares nocturnos (RPa: 1,89; IC 95 %: 1,37-2,61; valor p <0,001) y los que tomaban alcohol regularmente tenían mayor frecuencia de DF (RPa: 3,28; IC 95 %: 1,02-10,6; valor p = 0,047); ajustadas por 5 variables. Según los hábitos de alimentación, se encontró que estuvo asociado con una mayor frecuencia de dispepsia quien omitiera comer el almuerzo (RPa: 1,88; IC 95 %: 1,22-2,90; valor p = 0,004), quien omitiera la cena (RPa: 3,44; IC 95 %: 2,72-4,35; valor p <0,001) y quien se alimentase regularmente en otros restaurantes (RPa: 1,87; IC 95 %: 1,22-2,88; valor p = 0,004); ajustadas por 3 variables. Conclusiones: se encontraron algunas características asociadas con la DF en esta población que comparte características con otras similares, lo que puede ser útil para generar estrategias de detección y diagnóstico oportunos.

Abstract Introduction: Functional dyspepsia includes chronic and recurrent disorders of the upper digestive tract and which have no organic origin. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine factors associated with functional dyspepsia among the workers of fast food establishments at a mall in Huancayo, Perú. Methodology: This is an analytical cross-sectional study of 128 fast food workers in a city in the Peruvian highlands. "A new questionnaire for the diagnosis of dyspepsia" was used to diagnose functional dyspepsia and record social variables, consumption and eating habits. From this information statistical measures of association were obtained. Results: Forty percent of those surveyed had functional dyspepsia. There was a lower frequency of functional dyspepsia among women than men (Prevalence ratio: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.41-0.99, p-value = 0.044). Those who had difficulty falling asleep and/or suffered from nighttime awakening (Prevalence ratio: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.37-2.61, p value <0.001) and those who drank alcohol regularly (Prevalence ratio: 3.28, 95% CI: 1, 02-10.6, p value = 0.047) had a higher frequency of functional dyspepsia. This was adjusted by five variables. According to eating habits, it was found that a higher frequency of dyspepsia was associated with skipping lunch (Prevalence ratio: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.22-2.90, p-value = 0.004), skipping dinner (Prevalence ratio: 3.44, 95% CI: 2.72-4.35, p value <0.001) and eating regularly in other restaurants (Prevalence ratio: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.22-2.88; p = 0.004). This was adjusted by three variables. Conclusions: We found some characteristics associated with functional dyspepsia in this population shares characteristics with similar populations which could be useful for developing strategies for detection and timely diagnosis.

Parents' meal choices for their children at fast food and family restaurants with different menu labeling presentations

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study examined the effect of nutrition labeling formats on parents' food choices for their children at different restaurant types. SUBJECTS/METHODS: An online survey was conducted with 1,980 parents of children aged 3–12 years. Participants were randomly assigned to fast food or family restaurant scenarios, and one of four menu stimuli conditions: no labeling, low-calorie symbol (symbol), numeric value (numeric), and both low-calorie symbol and numeric value (symbol + numeric). Participants selected menu items for their children. Menu choices and total calories were compared by nutrition labeling formats in each type of the restaurant. RESULTS: Low-calorie item selections were scored and a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted for an interaction effect between restaurant and labeling type. In the fast food restaurant group, parents presented with low-calorie symbols selected the lowest calorie items more often than those not presented with the format. Parents in the symbol + numeric condition selected significantly fewer calories (653 kcal) than those in the no labeling (677 kcal) or numeric conditions (674 kcal) (P = 0.006). In the family restaurant group, no significant difference were observed among different labeling conditions. A significant interaction between restaurant and labeling type on low-calorie selection score (F = 6.03, P < 0.01) suggests that the effect of nutrition labeling format interplays with restaurant type to jointly affect parents' food choices for their children. CONCLUSIONS: The provision of easily interpretable nutritional information format at fast food restaurants may encourage healthier food choices of parents for their children; however, the effects were negligible at family restaurants.

Shigella sp: um problema de saúde pública / Shigella sp: a public health problem

O aumento do consumo de refeições fora de casa está associado ao aumento das Doenças Veiculadas por Alimentos (DVA), que são provenientes do consumo de alimentos e água contaminados, principalmente, devido à falta de higiene no preparo dos alimentos e à ausência, em muitos casos, do tratamento da água usada no preparo destes alimentos. A shigelose é uma DVA que se caracteriza como uma doença inflamatória do trato gastrointestinal causada pela Shigella cujos sintomas e características se assemelham à salmonelose. O gênero Shigella possui quatro espécies: S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii e S. sonnei. Para a realização deste trabalho foi realizado levantamento de artigos publicados em revistas científicas sobre o tema, com o objetivo de verificar a incidência de Shigella em alimentos abordando suas características e danos provocados à saúde.(AU)